In other stories, authors have used the word "android" to mean a wholly organic, yet artificial, creation. In some fictional works, the difference between a robot and android is only superficial, with androids being made to look like humans on the outside but with robot-like internal mechanics. Īuthors have used the term android in more diverse ways than robot or cyborg. Besides one can refer to robots without alluding to their sexual appearance by calling them anthrobots (a portmanteau of anthrōpos and robot see anthrobotics) or anthropoids (short for anthropoid robots the term humanoids is not appropriate because it is already commonly used to refer to human-like organic species in the context of science fiction, futurism and speculative astrobiology). While the term "android" is used in reference to human-looking robots in general (not necessarily male-looking humanoid robots), a robot with a female appearance can also be referred to as a gynoid. Dick in his novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, has seen some further usage, such as within the TV series Total Recall 2070. The word "android" was used in Star Trek: The Original Series episode " What Are Little Girls Made Of?" The abbreviation "andy", coined as a pejorative by writer Philip K. The term " droid", popularized by George Lucas in the original Star Wars film and now used widely within science fiction, originated as an abridgment of "android", but has been used by Lucas and others to mean any robot, including distinctly non-human form machines like R2-D2. The term "android" can mean either one of these, while a cyborg ("cybernetic organism" or "bionic man") would be a creature that is a combination of organic and mechanical parts. (Rossum's Universal Robots) (1921)-the play that introduced the word robot to the world-were organic artificial humans, the word "robot" has come to primarily refer to mechanical humans, animals, and other beings. The term made an impact into English pulp science fiction starting from Jack Williamson's The Cometeers (1936) and the distinction between mechanical robots and fleshy androids was popularized by Edmond Hamilton's Captain Future stories (1940–1944). The term android was used in a more modern sense by the French author Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam in his work Tomorrow's Eve (1886), featuring an artificial humanoid robot named Hadaly. The term "android" appears in US patents as early as 1863 in reference to miniature human-like toy automatons. By the late 1700s, "androides", elaborate mechanical devices resembling humans performing human activities, were displayed in exhibit halls. The Oxford English Dictionary traces the earliest use (as "Androides") to Ephraim Chambers' 1728 Cyclopaedia, in reference to an automaton that St. Terminology Early example of the term androides used to describe human-like mechanical devices, London Times, 22 December 1795 Historically, androids were completely within the domain of science fiction and frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology now allow the design of functional and realistic humanoid robots. Repliee Q2 can mimic human functions such as blinking, breathing and speaking, with the ability to recognize and process speech and touch, and then respond in kindĪn android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being often made from a flesh-like material. For other uses, see Androids (disambiguation).
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